Rubber is divided into two categories, natural rubber and synthetic rubber. They are different in composition, performance, use and so on.
Natural rubber refers to the natural latex collected from rubber trees, after solidification, drying and other processing processes and made of elastic solid. It is the most widely used general rubber, widely used in tires, tape, rubber hose, rubber shoes and other rubber products. The main raw material source of natural rubber is rubber tree, when the skin of this rubber tree is cut, it will flow out of milky SAP, called latex, latex by condensation, washing, molding, drying natural rubber. Synthetic rubber is a highly elastic polymer made by artificial synthesis. It is extracted from natural rubber by adding a little synthetic rubber and some chemical products. The production of synthetic rubber has greatly exceeded that of natural rubber, of which the largest production is styrene butadiene rubber. Synthetic rubber has excellent heat resistance, cold resistance, corrosion resistance and is less affected by environmental factors, but because of the low cost of synthetic rubber materials compared with natural rubber, it is also the first choice for many enterprises to produce middle and low grade products.
Component difference
The main component of natural rubber is cis-1, 4-polyisoprene, and 91% to 94% of its components are rubber hydrocarbons (cis-1, 4-polyisoprene), and the rest are non-rubber substances such as proteins, fatty acids, ash and sugars. It has the characteristics of large elasticity, high tensile strength, good tear resistance and wear resistance, and easy adhesion with other materials. The composition of synthetic rubber is mainly a highly elastic synthetic polymer, and the specific composition will vary according to different monomers and formulations. It has high elasticity, insulation, air tightness, oil resistance, high temperature or low temperature resistance and other properties.
Performance comparison
Natural rubber has high elasticity at room temperature, good electrical insulation performance, natural rubber has strong alkali resistance, but not strong acid resistance. After proper treatment, it also has valuable properties such as oil resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, heat resistance, cold resistance, pressure resistance, wear resistance, etc., so it has a wide range of uses. The synthetic rubber material has excellent heat resistance, cold resistance, corrosion resistance and is little affected by environmental factors, and the limit environment of the synthetic rubber material (-60℃-250℃) can be used normally. But the main shortcomings exist in its poor tensile effect, tear strength and mechanical properties. It is widely used in industry and agriculture, national defense, transportation and daily life, especially in the machinery industry, which has higher requirements for the compression deformation performance and wear resistance of rubber. In recent years, China's synthetic rubber production capacity has increased rapidly, but it has failed to fundamentally meet the huge domestic demand, and the annual import volume is still very large. In terms of market segments, butadiene rubber and styrene butadiene rubber are the most widely used and have the most demand.
Use variance
Natural rubber is generally used in daily life for rain shoes, warm water bags, elastic belts, conveyor belts, transport belts, acid and alkali resistant gloves, and even rockets, artificial Earth satellites and spacecraft and other sophisticated scientific and technological products. Synthetic rubber is widely used in industry and agriculture, national defense, transportation and daily life, can be used to manufacture tires, rubber plates, rubber shoes, etc., and in some aspects better than natural rubber, such as oil resistance, heat resistance and so on.
Physical property difference
Natural rubber has high elasticity at room temperature, slightly plastic, and crystallization hardening at low temperature. Good resistance to alkaline, but not strong acid. Insoluble in water, low ketones and alcohols, can swell in non-polar solvents such as trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, etc. The physical properties of synthetic rubber vary depending on the monomer, and the properties of a few varieties are similar to natural rubber. Some synthetic rubber has better temperature resistance, wear resistance, aging resistance, corrosion resistance or oil resistance than natural rubber.
There are many ways to classify synthetic rubber. According to the characteristics of use is divided into general rubber and special rubber two categories. General rubber refers to rubber that can partially or completely replace natural rubber, such as styrene butadiene rubber, isoamyl rubber, butadiene rubber, etc., mainly used in the manufacture of various tires and general industrial rubber products. The demand for universal rubber is large and it is the main variety of synthetic rubber. The special rubber refers to the synthetic rubber with high temperature resistance, oil resistance, ozone resistance, aging resistance and high air tightness, commonly used are silicone rubber, various fluorine rubber, polysulfide rubber, chlorol rubber, nitrile rubber, polyacrylate rubber, polyurethane rubber and butyl rubber.
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